The 1839 Liberty Head Eagle Proof is an extraordinary coin that holds immense significance in the realm of American numismatics. As the first year of the iconic Liberty Head Eagle series, this coin is not only an important historical artifact but also one of the rarest proofs ever produced by the U.S. Mint. Collectors and investors alike covet this early proof coin due to its rarity, beauty, and the legacy it represents.
Historical Context of the Liberty Head Eagle Series
The Liberty Head Eagle series, designed by the legendary Christian Gobrecht, debuted in 1838 but was first struck in proof format in 1839. Gobrecht’s design was a response to the growing need for a $10 gold coin that adhered to updated federal standards. This design, featuring the stately Liberty Head motif, would dominate U.S. gold coinage for decades until its replacement by the Saint-Gaudens designs in 1907.
The 1839 Liberty Head Eagle Proof is significant for several reasons. It represents the beginning of a storied series of gold coins and is one of the few surviving specimens of early proof coinage, making it a highly sought-after collectible.
Design Features
- Obverse: The obverse of the 1839 Liberty Head Eagle features a portrait of Lady Liberty, adorned with a coronet inscribed with the word “LIBERTY.” Her hair is styled in an elegant bun, and the coin’s outer edge is encircled by 13 stars representing the original colonies. The date “1839” is struck at the bottom of the design.
- Reverse: The reverse showcases an impressive heraldic eagle with a shield on its breast, clutching an olive branch and arrows in its talons. Above the eagle, the inscription “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” is prominently displayed, with the denomination “TEN D.” below.
Both the obverse and reverse are masterfully executed, with intricate details that highlight the artistry of Christian Gobrecht.
Mintage and Rarity
The exact mintage of the 1839 Liberty Head Eagle Proof is unknown, but it is estimated that only five to eight proofs were originally struck. Of these, only two to three examples are believed to exist today, making this coin one of the rarest proofs ever produced by the U.S. Mint.
Due to its extreme rarity, it is seldom seen on the market, and when it does appear, it attracts intense interest from top-tier collectors and institutions.
Value and Market Performance
Given its rarity and historical importance, the 1839 Liberty Head Eagle Proof commands astronomical prices when it appears at auction. Prices can range from $1 million to over $3 million, depending on the coin’s condition and provenance.
For instance, an example of this coin sold for $1.88 million in a major auction, setting a benchmark for early Liberty Head proof gold coins. Its value reflects not only its scarcity but also its status as a cornerstone piece of American numismatics.
Conclusion
The 1839 Liberty Head Eagle Proof is more than just a rare coin; it’s a symbol of the craftsmanship and innovation of early U.S. coinage. It represents the genesis of one of the longest-running and most iconic gold coin series in American history.
Collectors of U.S. gold coins, proof coinage, or historical numismatics will find the 1839 proof an unparalleled addition to their collection. Its rarity ensures that it remains a blue-chip collectible, while its historical significance and stunning design solidify its position as a masterpiece of early American coinage.
FAQs
How rare is the 1839 Liberty Head Eagle Proof?
Only two to three examples are believed to exist today, making it one of the rarest U.S. proof coins.
What is the value of an 1839 Liberty Head Eagle Proof?
The coin’s value can exceed $3 million, depending on its condition and provenance.
Who designed the 1839 Liberty Head Eagle Proof?
Christian Gobrecht, the third Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint, designed this iconic coin.