The Lincoln Memorial Cent, minted from 1959 to 1982, represents a pivotal chapter in U.S. numismatic history. This coin marked a transition from the original Wheat Cent design to one that celebrated the Lincoln Memorial on the reverse, cementing the coin’s place as a tribute to one of America’s most revered presidents, Abraham Lincoln. Struck in bronze until 1982, this series is beloved by collectors for its historical significance, affordability, and fascinating varieties.
A New Reverse: Honoring the Lincoln Memorial
The Lincoln Memorial Cent debuted in 1959 to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s birth. The coin retained Victor David Brenner’s iconic portrait of Lincoln on the obverse, originally introduced in 1909. The reverse, however, replaced the familiar Wheat design with a depiction of the Lincoln Memorial, designed by Frank Gasparro.
The Memorial design featured intricate details, including a tiny rendering of Lincoln’s statue visible between the columns—a testament to the U.S. Mint’s craftsmanship. This design not only honored Lincoln but also symbolized his enduring legacy in American history and culture.
Composition and Transition
From 1959 to mid-1982, the Lincoln Memorial Cent was struck in 95% copper and 5% tin and zinc, commonly referred to as bronze. These coins weigh 3.11 grams and are known for their rich, reddish-brown hue when uncirculated.
In 1982, soaring copper prices led the U.S. Mint to transition to a copper-plated zinc composition (97.5% zinc, 2.5% copper) for cost savings. During this year, both bronze and zinc cents were produced, making 1982 a fascinating year for collectors due to the numerous composition and size variations.
Key Dates and Varieties
The Lincoln Memorial Cent offers a wealth of collectible varieties, including doubled dies, proof coins, and errors. Some highlights include:
- 1960 Small Date and Large Date Varieties: Cents minted in 1960 feature two date styles, with the Small Date being the scarcer and more sought-after of the two.
- 1972 Doubled Die Obverse: One of the most famous Lincoln Cent errors, the 1972 Doubled Die displays strong doubling on “LIBERTY” and “IN GOD WE TRUST.” These coins are highly prized in any grade.
- 1980–1982 Transitional Errors: During the transition to zinc in 1982, numerous errors and varieties emerged, including coins with incorrect weights or off-metal compositions.
- Proof Coins: Struck at the San Francisco Mint, proof coins from this era are known for their mirror-like surfaces and sharp details, making them popular additions to any collection.
Collecting Tips
The Lincoln Memorial Cent (bronze) is an ideal starting point for new collectors and offers challenges for experienced numismatists. Here are some tips:
- Start with a Date and Mintmark Set: Completing a set of all dates and mintmarks from 1959 to 1982 is a fun and affordable goal.
- Hunt for Varieties: Look for doubled dies, small/large date varieties, and transitional errors to add value and intrigue to your collection.
- Focus on Condition: Uncirculated or high-grade coins with original luster are more valuable and visually appealing.
- Invest in Grading: For rare varieties or high-grade coins, consider professional grading to authenticate and preserve your investment.
Conclusion
The Lincoln Memorial Cent remains a beloved coin for its historical resonance and affordability. While its design was retired in 2009 in favor of the Lincoln Bicentennial and Shield designs, the bronze Memorial Cents from 1959–1982 continue to capture the interest of collectors. Whether you’re searching for rare varieties, assembling a complete set, or simply enjoying the artistry of the coin, the Lincoln Memorial Cent offers something for everyone. It’s more than just a penny—it’s a tangible connection to American history and an enduring symbol of Lincoln’s legacy.
FAQs
1. What is the composition of the Lincoln Memorial Cent from 1959 to 1982?
The Lincoln Memorial Cent from this era is made of 95% copper and 5% tin and zinc, commonly referred to as bronze, and weighs 3.11 grams.
2. Why are 1982 Lincoln Cents special for collectors?
In 1982, the U.S. Mint transitioned from bronze to a copper-plated zinc composition, resulting in coins with multiple composition and size variations, creating a fascinating collecting opportunity.
3. What are some valuable varieties of the Lincoln Memorial Cent?
Key varieties include the 1960 Small Date, the 1972 Doubled Die Obverse, and 1982 transitional errors with off-metal compositions or incorrect weights.