Counterfeit Coin Detection – 1918/7-D Buffalo Nickel

The 1918/7-D Buffalo Nickel is one of the most intriguing and sought-after coins in U.S. numismatics. Known for its dramatic overdate—a clear “7” beneath the “8” in the date—it is a coveted prize among collectors. However, its desirability and high value make it a prime target for counterfeiters. Detecting fake examples of the 1918/7-D Buffalo Nickel is essential for both novice and experienced collectors. This guide outlines the coin’s history, key diagnostics, and tips for identifying counterfeits.

History of the 1918/7-D Overdate Buffalo Nickel

The overdate occurred at the Denver Mint when a 1917-dated die was repunched with the 1918 date. This type of error was not uncommon in the early 20th century, as reusing dies was a practical cost-saving measure. The result was a distinctive feature: the “8” in the date shows remnants of the underlying “7,” creating a fascinating numismatic anomaly.

Key Features of Genuine 1918/7-D Buffalo Nickels

To ensure authenticity, collectors should study the specific diagnostics of genuine coins:

1. Overdate Detail:
   The hallmark of the 1918/7-D is the overdate. On authentic examples, the underlying “7” is visible beneath the “8,” particularly at the upper left of the “8.” The clarity of this feature depends on the coin’s condition, but even in heavily worn specimens, traces of the “7” are often discernible under magnification.
2. Mint Mark Position:
   The “D” mint mark is located on the reverse, beneath the “FIVE CENTS” inscription. On genuine coins, the “D” has a specific shape and orientation. Counterfeits often fail to replicate the exact mint mark characteristics or place it incorrectly.
3. Die Markers:
   Genuine 1918/7-D nickels have specific die markers, including small scratches or polishing lines from the die preparation process. These markers can vary depending on the die state but are invaluable in authenticating the coin.
4. Design Details:
   Buffalo Nickels are known for their intricate design, which includes the Native American profile on the obverse and the buffalo on the reverse. Counterfeit coins often have soft or poorly defined details, particularly around high points such as the cheekbone and the buffalo’s shoulder.

Common Counterfeit Techniques

1. Date Alteration:
   Some counterfeiters take genuine Buffalo Nickels from other years, such as 1913 or 1918 (non-overdate), and modify the date to mimic the overdate. These altered coins can sometimes be detected by inconsistencies in the date font or by tool marks left during the alteration process.
2. Cast Counterfeits:
   Cast copies are created by molding a genuine coin and then producing replicas. These fakes often have a grainy texture, poorly defined details, and incorrect weight.
3. Mint Mark Forgery:
   Counterfeiters may add a “D” mint mark to Philadelphia-minted 1918 Buffalo Nickels. These fake mint marks are often the wrong size, shape, or position, and may appear to be glued or soldered onto the coin.

How to Authenticate a 1918/7-D Buffalo Nickel

1. Use Magnification:
   Examine the date under high magnification to confirm the presence of the “7” beneath the “8.” Study images of verified examples for comparison.
2. Check Weight and Dimensions:
   Genuine Buffalo Nickels weigh 5 grams and have a diameter of 21.2 millimeters. Deviations from these specifications can indicate a counterfeit.
3. Seek Professional Grading:
   Given its high value, submitting the coin to a third-party grading service like PCGS or NGC is one of the best ways to ensure authenticity. These services use advanced tools and expertise to certify coins.

Conclusion

The 1918/7-D Buffalo Nickel is a fascinating piece of U.S. coinage history and a treasure for collectors. However, the high demand for this rarity has made it a frequent target of counterfeiters. By familiarizing themselves with the coin’s key diagnostics and counterfeit detection methods, collectors can protect their investments and enjoy the thrill of owning an authentic piece of numismatic art. Always buy from reputable dealers and consider professional authentication to ensure you’re getting the real deal.

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