The 1903-S Morgan Dollar is a valuable and sought-after coin among collectors. While not the rarest in the series, high-grade examples command significant premiums due to lower survival rates. Unfortunately, its value has also made it a prime target for counterfeiters. One of the most deceptive forms of fraud is the “Added S” variety, where a counterfeit mintmark is applied to a genuine Philadelphia-struck 1903 Morgan Dollar to create a fake 1903-S. Detecting these counterfeits requires careful examination of the mintmark, surfaces, and other key diagnostic features.
Understanding the Added S Counterfeit
The 1903-S Morgan Dollar was struck at the San Francisco Mint, and genuine examples bear a properly placed S mintmark below the wreath on the reverse. Counterfeiters often attempt to alter a 1903 (Philadelphia) Morgan Dollar, which lacks a mintmark, by adding an S mintmark to deceive collectors. These added mintmarks can be created using different methods, including:
- Engraving or Punching an S onto the coin’s surface.
- Transplanting a mintmark from a lower-value San Francisco Morgan Dollar.
- Using acid etching or casting to simulate a mintmark.
How to Identify an Added S Counterfeit
1. Mintmark Shape and Placement
One of the easiest ways to detect a counterfeit 1903-S is by closely examining the S mintmark:
- Incorrect Font or Shape: Genuine 1903-S mintmarks are small, well-defined, and match known authentic examples. Many counterfeits have mintmarks that appear too large, misshapen, or of the wrong style.
- Improper Positioning: The real 1903-S has a mintmark that sits in a precise position. Many counterfeits place the mintmark slightly too high, too low, or at the wrong angle.
- Raised or Attached Appearance: If the mintmark looks like it is sitting on top of the surface rather than being struck into the coin, it may be an added mintmark. A genuine mintmark is part of the die strike and should blend seamlessly with the surrounding metal.
2. Surface and Luster Differences
- Different Wear Patterns: A counterfeit mintmark may not match the overall wear of the coin. For example, if the mintmark appears sharper than the surrounding details, it could be a later addition.
- Tool Marks or Distortions: Using magnification, check for tool marks, scratches, or discoloration around the mintmark, which may indicate alteration.
- Unnatural Luster: The process of adding a mintmark can disturb the coin’s natural luster, making that area appear duller or artificially polished.
3. Weight and Metal Composition
A genuine 1903-S Morgan Dollar should weigh 26.73 grams and be composed of 90% silver and 10% copper. If the weight is off, the coin may be a counterfeit made from incorrect metals.
Best Practices for Authenticating a 1903-S Morgan Dollar
- Use a 10x magnifier to inspect the mintmark for inconsistencies.
- Compare with authenticated examples from PCGS, NGC, or reputable coin dealers.
- Seek professional authentication from grading services like PCGS, NGC, or ANACS before making a purchase.
Conclusion
The 1903-S Added S Morgan Dollar is one of the most deceptive counterfeits in coin collecting. By carefully examining the mintmark, luster, and wear patterns, collectors can protect themselves from fakes. When in doubt, always rely on professional authentication to ensure you’re getting a genuine piece of numismatic history.
FAQs
How can I tell if my 1903-S Morgan Dollar has an added mintmark?
Check for an incorrectly shaped or positioned S mintmark, surface disturbances, and inconsistencies in wear patterns compared to the rest of the coin.
Why is the 1903-S Morgan Dollar frequently counterfeited?
Due to its higher value, counterfeiters often add an S mintmark to a 1903 (Philadelphia) Morgan Dollar to deceive collectors.
What should I do if I suspect my 1903-S Morgan Dollar is fake?
Use magnification to inspect the mintmark and compare it with authenticated examples. For certainty, submit the coin to a professional grading service like PCGS or NGC.