The 1872 Seated Liberty Silver Dollar is one of the most iconic coins of the 19th century U.S. coinage, prized for its detailed design and historical significance. However, like many popular and valuable coins, it is also the subject of counterfeit attempts. Detecting these counterfeit coins is crucial for collectors and investors to protect the integrity of their collections. In this article, we will explore the characteristics of the authentic 1872 Seated Liberty Silver Dollar, discuss common methods used to counterfeit these coins, and provide key tips for detecting fakes.
The 1872 Seated Liberty Silver Dollar
First minted in 1840, the Seated Liberty design was used on several denominations, including the half dollar, dollar, and quarter. The 1872 Seated Liberty Silver Dollar, minted in Philadelphia, features a depiction of Lady Liberty seated on a rock, draped in flowing robes, holding a shield and olive branch. The reverse depicts a wreath surrounding the inscription “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” and the denomination “ONE DOLLAR.”
Common Methods of Counterfeiting the 1872 Seated Liberty Silver Dollar
Like many other coins from the 19th century, the 1872 Seated Liberty Silver Dollar is often targeted by counterfeiters looking to take advantage of its desirability and value. The methods of producing these counterfeit coins vary, but common techniques include:
- Casting – One of the most straightforward methods of counterfeiting involves using a mold to cast a coin from a lower-value metal, such as lead or pewter. These coins often have a “softer” feel and are more prone to wear than authentic coins, which are made from more durable metals.
- Striking with Dies – Some counterfeiters use a die-striking method to produce fake coins, where they use a copied or altered die to strike a coin. These counterfeit coins may exhibit subtle differences in details, such as misaligned or shallow features, which are typically visible when compared to a genuine example.
- Reprocessing – Another technique used by counterfeiters is to take a genuine coin and alter its appearance. For example, they may remove the mintmark or modify the coin’s design to make it appear to be from a different year or mint.
How to Detect Counterfeit 1872 Seated Liberty Silver Dollars
Detecting a counterfeit 1872 Seated Liberty Silver Dollar requires careful attention to detail. Here are several key areas to examine:
- Weight and Composition – The genuine 1872 Seated Liberty Dollar weighs approximately 26.73 grams and is made from 90% silver. Counterfeit coins, especially those made from base metals like lead or copper, will often be lighter than the authentic coin. Using a scale to weigh the coin and determining its silver content through a specific gravity test can be an effective method for detecting counterfeits.
- Surface Quality and Texture – Authentic Seated Liberty Dollars have a smooth, well-defined surface with sharp details, especially around Lady Liberty’s face and the surrounding elements. Counterfeit coins often exhibit less definition, especially in fine details like the folds of her gown or the stars on the obverse. Counterfeits made using casting techniques may also have a rough, grainy surface.
- Mintmark Inspection – The 1872 Seated Liberty Dollar was struck at the Philadelphia Mint and does not have a mintmark. However, counterfeiters may add mintmarks to their copies in an attempt to increase the coin’s perceived value. Mintmarks should be examined closely under magnification. A genuine coin will have a clear, crisp mintmark if present, while a counterfeit mintmark may appear shallow, poorly struck, or misaligned.
Conclusion
The 1872 Seated Liberty Silver Dollar remains a beloved piece of American numismatic history, but as its value continues to grow, so does the risk of counterfeit coins entering the market. Detecting counterfeit 1872 Seated Liberty Dollars requires a combination of careful examination and testing. By focusing on the coin’s weight, composition, surface details, mintmark, and sound, collectors can protect themselves from purchasing fraudulent pieces. Additionally, working with a reputable dealer or having coins graded by a professional service, such as PCGS or NGC, can provide further peace of mind when acquiring this iconic coin.
FAQs
What is the most effective way to detect a counterfeit 1872 Seated Liberty Silver Dollar?
The most effective method is to weigh the coin and verify its silver content. Genuine Seated Liberty Dollars weigh 26.73 grams and are made of 90% silver. A scale and a specific gravity test can help identify discrepancies.
How can I tell if the mintmark on my Seated Liberty Dollar is real?
Authentic 1872 Seated Liberty Dollars do not have a mintmark. However, if a mintmark is present, it should be examined under magnification. Genuine mintmarks will be crisp and clear, while counterfeit mintmarks often appear shallow or poorly struck.
What should I look for in the surface details of an authentic 1872 Seated Liberty Dollar?
Genuine 1872 Seated Liberty Dollars have crisp, sharp details, particularly around Lady Liberty’s face, the stars, and the shield. Counterfeit coins often exhibit less definition and may have a rough or grainy surface, especially if they were cast.