The 1904 Gold $20 Double Eagle is one of the most iconic and widely circulated U.S. gold coins. Part of the Saint-Gaudens series, the coin is revered for its beautiful design and significant historical importance. However, because of its popularity and high value, it is a frequent target for counterfeiters. Detecting counterfeit versions of the 1904 Gold $20 Double Eagle can be challenging, but with a trained eye and an understanding of the coin’s key characteristics, collectors can confidently distinguish between genuine and fake coins.
History and Design of the 1904 Gold $20 Double Eagle
The 1904 Gold Double Eagle is part of the Saint-Gaudens design series, which was created by famed sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens. The coin features a Liberty figure on the obverse, symbolizing freedom and strength, and an eagle in flight on the reverse. The year 1904 was one of the final years in which this design was minted, making it an important piece in U.S. coinage history. Due to its gold content (approximately 33.436 grams of pure gold), the coin also holds significant intrinsic value, making it a prime target for counterfeiters looking to capitalize on its worth.
Features to Examine for Authenticity
When examining a 1904 Gold $20 Double Eagle for authenticity, there are several important features to consider. Counterfeit coins often fail to replicate these elements accurately, and careful inspection of these traits can help identify a fake.
1. Weight and Size
The authentic 1904 Gold Double Eagle weighs approximately 33.436 grams and has a diameter of 34 mm. Counterfeit coins may vary in size and weight, often being lighter or heavier than the genuine coin. A simple and effective method for checking a coin’s authenticity is by using a precision scale to measure its weight. Additionally, calipers can be used to confirm the coin’s diameter.
2. Metal Composition
The 1904 Gold Double Eagle contains 90% gold and 10% copper, which gives it a distinctive color and texture. Fake coins may be made from base metals, such as copper, or cheaper alloys that do not match the specific gold content. One way to check for the correct metal composition is through a specific gravity test, which measures the density of the coin. The gold content should match the expected density for a coin of its size.
3. Design Details
The most telling feature of a 1904 Gold Double Eagle is the sharpness of its design. The Liberty image on the obverse should have crisp, well-defined features, especially around the folds of her robe and the details of her crown. The eagle on the reverse should be similarly well-defined, with clearly visible feathers and a strong impression of the bird in flight.
Counterfeit Detection Methods
- Weight and Size Check: Use a precision scale to check the weight, which should be approximately 33.436 grams. A caliper can confirm the diameter.
- Specific Gravity Test: This test will help determine the authenticity of the coin by measuring its density. Fake coins made from base metals will have a different density than genuine gold coins.
- Magnification: Use a loupe or microscope to examine the fine details of the design, especially around Liberty’s crown and the eagle’s feathers. Genuine coins should have sharp, well-defined features.
- Edge Inspection: Examine the edge for proper reeding. Fake coins may have an inconsistent or smooth edge.
Conclusion
The 1904 Gold $20 Double Eagle is a coin of great historical and monetary value, making it an attractive target for counterfeiters. By carefully examining the weight, size, metal composition, design details, and edge, collectors can confidently detect counterfeit versions of this iconic coin. If you are ever in doubt, it’s advisable to consult with professional numismatists or submit the coin for certification through trusted grading services like PCGS or NGC. Proper counterfeit detection not only ensures the integrity of your collection but also helps protect against financial loss.
FAQs
1. What is the significance of the 1904 Gold $20 Double Eagle?
The 1904 Gold $20 Double Eagle is a part of the iconic Saint-Gaudens design and is one of the last years of this series to be minted. With its historical value, intricate design, and gold content, it is highly sought after by collectors and investors.
2. How can I tell if my 1904 Gold Double Eagle is counterfeit?
Look for discrepancies in key features such as weight (33.436 grams), size (34 mm), and the sharpness of the design. Check the edge for reeding and confirm the lack of a mintmark on this coin. If anything appears off, it may be a counterfeit.
3. What tests can I use to confirm the authenticity of a 1904 Gold Double Eagle?
You can perform a specific gravity test to verify the metal composition. You should also measure the coin’s weight and size using a precision scale and calipers. For more detailed analysis, use a magnification tool to inspect the coin’s design details and edge characteristics.