Counterfeit Coin Detection – 1908-S Counterfeit Indian Head Cent

The 1908-S Indian Head Cent holds a unique place in American numismatics. It was the first Indian Head Cent minted at the San Francisco Mint, bearing the sought-after “S” mintmark. With a modest mintage of 1,115,000, it is one of the key dates in the Indian Head Cent series, making it highly collectible. Unfortunately, its desirability has also made it a frequent target for counterfeiters. Detecting fake 1908-S Indian Head Cents requires a sharp eye and knowledge of specific authentication techniques.

Understanding the Appeal of the 1908-S Indian Head Cent

The Indian Head Cent, designed by James B. Longacre, was produced from 1859 to 1909. By 1908, the San Francisco Mint began striking the coin, adding the now-famous “S” mintmark to its reverse. The 1908-S is one of only two Indian Head Cents with a mintmark, the other being the 1909-S, which has an even lower mintage.

Due to its limited production, the 1908-S Indian Head Cent commands a premium in all grades. Well-worn examples can cost collectors over $100, while higher-grade pieces in mint state can sell for several thousand dollars. This combination of demand and value has inspired many counterfeit attempts.

Spotting Counterfeit 1908-S Indian Head Cents

Counterfeit 1908-S Indian Head Cents often involve adding a fake “S” mintmark to genuine Philadelphia-minted coins or creating a replica outright. Detecting these alterations involves examining several key areas.

1. Inspecting the Mintmark
   The placement, shape, and orientation of the “S” mintmark are crucial. Genuine 1908-S Indian Head Cents have their mintmark located below the wreath on the reverse, between the “C” and “E” of “CENT.” The mintmark should appear sharp, well-struck, and proportional to the surrounding design. In counterfeit coins, the mintmark may look crude, uneven, or incorrectly positioned. In some cases, counterfeiters use mintmarks intended for other series, which differ slightly in size or style.
2. Examining the Coin’s Surface
   Counterfeit coins often exhibit signs of tooling or alteration. Look for irregularities, such as scratches or depressions around the mintmark, that suggest tampering. Genuine 1908-S coins should have consistent wear and surface texture, while fakes may show unnatural smoothness or signs of added material.
3. Weight and Composition
   Genuine Indian Head Cents weigh approximately 3.11 grams and are composed of 95% copper and 5% tin and zinc. Counterfeit coins may deviate slightly in weight or exhibit an unusual appearance under magnification. A coin with a different composition may also produce an incorrect sound when dropped on a solid surface.
4. Die Characteristics
   Genuine 1908-S Indian Head Cents were struck from specific dies. Familiarity with known die characteristics, such as the spacing of letters and date placement, can help identify counterfeits. For example, the date on genuine coins should align consistently with the denticles along the coin’s rim.

Authentication Tools

To confirm authenticity, collectors can use a variety of tools:

• Magnification: A high-power loupe or microscope can help identify details of the mintmark and surface.
• Weight Scale: Ensuring the coin’s weight aligns with specifications is essential.
• Third-Party Grading Services: Professional grading companies like PCGS and NGC offer authentication and encapsulation, providing peace of mind to collectors.

Conclusion

The 1908-S Indian Head Cent is a treasure of American coinage, but its value and scarcity make it a frequent target for counterfeiters. By closely examining the mintmark, surface, weight, and die characteristics, collectors can protect themselves from fakes. When in doubt, consulting with experts or submitting coins to a trusted grading service can help ensure the authenticity of your 1908-S Indian Head Cent.

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