Counterfeit Coin Detection: 1879 Double Eagle US Gold

The 1879 Double Eagle is a striking example of American coinage, part of the Liberty Head $20 gold coin series designed by James B. Longacre. Minted between 1850 and 1907, these coins hold immense historical and financial value. However, their desirability has also made them a frequent target for counterfeiters. The 1879 Double Eagle, in particular, is an attractive target due to its collectible nature and intrinsic gold value.

The 1879 Double Eagle: An Overview

The 1879 Double Eagle features Lady Liberty on the obverse, wearing a coronet inscribed with the word “LIBERTY.” The reverse showcases a heraldic eagle with a shield on its chest, flanked by “UNITED STATES OF AMERICA” and “TWENTY D.” The coin contains .900 fine gold with a total weight of 33.44 grams (or 1.0750 troy ounces).

Common Counterfeiting Methods

Counterfeiters have developed several techniques to replicate the 1879 Double Eagle. These methods range from rudimentary to sophisticated:

1. Base Metal Replicas:
   Many counterfeits are made using base metals like brass or copper and are then gold-plated. These fakes are often lighter than genuine coins, and their color may appear off under close inspection.
2. Cast Counterfeits:
   Cast replicas involve pouring molten metal into a mold made from an authentic coin. These counterfeits often lack sharp details, and casting flaws such as bubbles or uneven surfaces may be visible.
3. Altered Coins:
   Some counterfeiters modify genuine lower-value coins to mimic the 1879 Double Eagle. For example, they may alter the date or add a mintmark to a similar coin from a different year.
4. Struck Counterfeits:
   These are made using hand-engraved or machine-cut dies. Modern counterfeiters may use laser technology to produce highly detailed dies, making it harder to distinguish these fakes from authentic coins.

How to Detect Counterfeit 1879 Double Eagles

Collectors can use several techniques to spot fake 1879 Double Eagles:

1. Weight and Dimensions:
   Genuine 1879 Double Eagles weigh 33.44 grams and have a diameter of 34 mm. Deviations in weight or size are clear signs of a counterfeit.
2. Edge Design:
   The coin’s edge features a reeded (or grooved) design. Counterfeits may display uneven or poorly defined reeding, which is a giveaway of their inauthenticity.
3. Metal Content:
   Authentic coins are composed of 90% gold and 10% copper. Using a gold tester or XRF machine can verify the metal content.
4. Details and Font:
   Examine Liberty’s hair, the stars, and the eagle’s feathers closely. Authentic coins have sharp details, while fakes may exhibit softness or inconsistencies in the design.
5. Die Markers:
   Genuine 1879 Double Eagles often have specific die markers, such as small scratches or imperfections in the die used to strike them. These markers are absent on most counterfeits.

Protecting Your Collection

Counterfeit 1879 Double Eagles are prevalent, but collectors can take steps to protect themselves:

• Buy from Trusted Sources: Always purchase coins from reputable dealers with a proven track record.
• Research the Coin: Familiarize yourself with the coin’s specifications and typical die markers before buying.
• Invest in Tools: A digital scale, calipers, and a loupe are essential tools for evaluating coins.
• Seek Certification: Coins graded by major third-party services like PCGS or NGC come with the assurance of authenticity.

Conclusion

The 1879 Double Eagle is a remarkable coin that embodies the artistry and history of American numismatics. However, its allure has made it a prime target for counterfeiters. By understanding the coin’s characteristics, recognizing common counterfeiting methods, and using reliable authentication techniques, collectors can confidently pursue this historic piece while avoiding the pitfalls of counterfeit coins. Knowledge and vigilance are the best defenses in the world of numismatics.

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