Counterfeit Coin Detection – 1920 Pilgrim Tercentenary Commemorative

The 1920 Pilgrim Tercentenary Commemorative Half Dollar is a significant piece of U.S. numismatic history. Issued to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the Pilgrims’ landing in Plymouth, Massachusetts, this coin was produced in both 1920 and 1921, making it one of the earlier commemorative issues in American coinage. However, like many collectible coins, it has been the target of counterfeiters attempting to deceive collectors. Identifying fakes is crucial to preserving the integrity of the numismatic market.

History of the 1920 Pilgrim Tercentenary Half Dollar

Authorized by Congress in 1920, the Pilgrim Tercentenary Commemorative was struck in two years:

• 1920 Issue – Mintage of 200,112 (including 112 for assay purposes).
• 1921 Issue – Lower mintage of 20,053, making it significantly scarcer.

The coin was designed by Cyrus E. Dallin and features a left-facing image of Governor William Bradford on the obverse, holding a Bible. The reverse showcases the Mayflower, the ship that carried the Pilgrims to America.

Identifying Counterfeit 1920 Pilgrim Half Dollars

There are several key areas collectors and dealers should examine to detect a counterfeit Pilgrim Tercentenary Half Dollar.

1. Weight and Metal Composition

Authentic 1920 and 1921 Pilgrim Half Dollars are struck in 90% silver and 10% copper, with a standard weight of 12.5 grams. Counterfeits often:

• Weigh slightly under or over 12.5 grams, depending on the base metal used.
• Lack the proper silver content, resulting in an incorrect sound when tapped.
• Exhibit incorrect edge reeding, with uneven or shallow reeding compared to genuine coins.

Using a precise scale and a magnet (real silver coins are non-magnetic) can help detect fakes quickly.

2. Die Characteristics and Weak Details

Many counterfeits are created using transfer dies, leading to loss of sharpness in finer details. Key areas to check include:

• Governor Bradford’s Face – Fake coins often have softened facial features due to poor die replication.
• Hat Details – The texture and folds of Bradford’s hat should be sharp and distinct. Counterfeit versions may appear too smooth or flattened.
• Lettering and Date – Authentic Pilgrim Half Dollars have well-defined, evenly spaced lettering. If the font appears too thick, thin, or irregular, it is likely a counterfeit.

3. Surface Texture and Luster

A genuine Pilgrim Tercentenary Half Dollar should have a natural silver cartwheel luster when tilted under light. Counterfeits often exhibit:

• A dull or grainy surface due to poor metal composition.
• Unnatural color tones, such as excessive yellowing or artificial toning.
• Cast marks or bubbles, which indicate a casting process rather than traditional mint striking.

Using a loupe (10x magnification) can help examine the surfaces for inconsistencies.

4. Edge and Rim Issues

Genuine Pilgrim Half Dollars have well-formed rims and a uniform edge reeding. Fakes may display:

• Rough or uneven rims that appear filed or modified.
• Reeding that is too deep, too shallow, or uneven due to poor minting techniques.

5. Provenance and Certification

• Certified Examples – If purchasing a high-value Pilgrim Half Dollar, it is best to buy one graded by PCGS, NGC, or ANACS to ensure authenticity.
• Historical Documentation – If the coin comes with a questionable or unverifiable history, it should raise suspicion.

Conclusion

The 1920 Pilgrim Tercentenary Commemorative Half Dollar is an iconic numismatic piece that commemorates an important event in American history. However, collectors must remain vigilant when acquiring one due to the presence of counterfeits, particularly those attempting to pass off as the scarcer 1921 issue. By carefully inspecting weight, die characteristics, surface texture, and edge details, numismatists can avoid falling victim to counterfeit scams.

For added security, collectors should always purchase from reputable dealers and seek third-party grading certification when buying high-value specimens. By staying informed, collectors can ensure that they own a genuine piece of history rather than a cleverly disguised fake.

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