Counterfeit Coin Detection – Altered 1856 Flying Eagle Cent

The 1856 Flying Eagle Cent is one of the most coveted coins in U.S. numismatics, primarily because it represents the first small-sized cent ever minted. With fewer than 2,000 genuine examples estimated to exist, its rarity and value make it a prime target for counterfeiters and coin alterers. For collectors, being able to detect an altered 1856 Flying Eagle Cent is crucial in avoiding costly mistakes.

Why the 1856 Flying Eagle Cent Is a Target for Alteration

The 1856 Flying Eagle Cent was initially struck as a pattern coin to showcase the U.S. Mint’s proposed transition from large cents to small cents. It was never intended for mass circulation, but demand from collectors led to additional restrikes in later years. Genuine examples can fetch tens of thousands of dollars, making alterations and counterfeits lucrative for forgers.

Common Alterations and How to Spot Them

1. Modified 1858 Flying Eagle Cents
   • One of the most common alterations involves changing an 1858 Flying Eagle Cent into an 1856 by modifying the last digit of the date.
   • A genuine 1856 Flying Eagle Cent has a well-defined “6” that does not appear tampered with or too sharp in contrast to the rest of the date.
   • Use a magnifying glass or microscope to check if the “6” was altered from an “8” by looking for tool marks or inconsistencies.
2. Added Mint Luster or Artificial Toning
   • Some counterfeiters polish or chemically treat an altered coin to make it appear more authentic.
   • Genuine 1856 cents have natural wear patterns and toning, which can be hard to replicate.
   • Under UV light or a coin grading expert’s inspection, artificial toning can often be identified.
3. Weak Feather Details on Counterfeits
   • The genuine 1856 Flying Eagle Cent was struck with crisp feather details on the eagle’s wing.
   • Altered or counterfeit examples often have soft, mushy details in the feathering due to improper striking or casting techniques.
   • Compare the coin with a certified genuine specimen for any discrepancies.
4. Edge and Weight Differences
   • A real 1856 Flying Eagle Cent weighs approximately 4.67 grams and is made of 88% copper and 12% nickel.
   • Some counterfeits are made of incorrect metal compositions, leading to a weight discrepancy.
   • Use a precision scale to check if the weight aligns with an authentic example.

Protecting Yourself from Altered 1856 Flying Eagle Cents

• Buy from reputable dealers: Always purchase from certified numismatic dealers or auction houses that provide authentication and grading from PCGS or NGC.
• Get a second opinion: If you have doubts, seek verification from a professional coin grading service before making a purchase.
• Use coin reference books and images: Study high-quality images of genuine 1856 Flying Eagle Cents to familiarize yourself with their correct design elements.

Conclusion

The 1856 Flying Eagle Cent is an iconic and valuable coin, but its desirability makes it a frequent target for alterations and counterfeiting. Understanding key diagnostics and seeking professional authentication can help collectors avoid falling victim to fraudulent coins. When in doubt, always verify before you buy!

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