The 1981 Proof Lincoln Cent holds a unique distinction in U.S. coin collecting due to the introduction of two variations: Type 1 and Type 2 proofs. These coins, produced at the San Francisco Mint, exhibit subtle but significant differences in their mint marks, captivating collectors and highlighting an important shift in the Mint’s production standards. Understanding these variations is crucial for numismatists who value the rich history and minute details of U.S. coinage.
Origins of the Type 1 and Type 2 Mint Marks
In 1981, the U.S. Mint introduced a change in the way the “S” mint mark appeared on proof coins struck in San Francisco. Early in the year, the Mint used the same mint mark punch it had employed for years. This resulted in the Type 1 proof cent, characterized by a blob-like “S” that lacked sharp definition. Midway through production, however, a new, more refined punch was introduced, creating the Type 2 proof cent with a sharper, clearer “S.”
The change was made to improve the aesthetics and consistency of the mint mark, as the earlier punch often appeared inconsistent and less visually appealing.
Visual Differences Between Type 1 and Type 2
The most noticeable distinction lies in the mint mark itself.
- Type 1 Mint Mark: The “S” on Type 1 proof cents is often referred to as a “filled S.” It appears rounded and lacks well-defined openings in the loops of the “S.” This gives the impression of a softer or almost melted design. The lack of sharpness was a common critique of the Type 1 mint mark.
- Type 2 Mint Mark: The “S” on Type 2 proofs is much sharper and more precise. Collectors describe it as a “clear S” due to the well-defined separation within the loops of the “S.” This crispness makes the Type 2 mint mark easily distinguishable from its predecessor.
Rarity and Collectibility
The 1981 Type 1 Proof Lincoln Cent is relatively more common, as it was produced earlier in the year. The Type 2 Proof, on the other hand, had a shorter production run and is therefore scarcer. This scarcity drives higher demand among collectors, making the Type 2 more valuable in the numismatic market.
Collectors often seek out both types to complete their sets, appreciating the historical significance of the change. Prices for high-grade examples of the Type 2 proof are particularly strong, especially in PR69 or PR70 grades as certified by grading services like PCGS and NGC.
Why This Change Matters
The transition from Type 1 to Type 2 reflects the Mint’s commitment to improving quality and meeting the expectations of collectors. It also marks a period when proof coins began to receive heightened scrutiny for aesthetic excellence, laying the groundwork for the modern era of precision in coin production.
Conclusion
The 1981 Type 1 and Type 2 Proof Lincoln Cents are a testament to the evolution of U.S. Mint practices. For collectors, distinguishing between the two types offers both a rewarding challenge and an opportunity to own a piece of numismatic history. Whether you’re drawn to the softer, nostalgic look of the Type 1 or the sharper precision of the Type 2, these coins represent a fascinating chapter in the story of U.S. coinage.
FAQs
1. How can I tell the difference between a Type 1 and Type 2 Proof Lincoln Cent from 1981?
The Type 1 has a rounded, blob-like “S” mint mark with less definition, while the Type 2 features a sharp, well-defined “S” with clear openings in its loops.
2. Which is more valuable: the 1981 Type 1 or Type 2 Proof Lincoln Cent?
The Type 2 is generally more valuable due to its shorter production run and increased scarcity, making it highly sought after by collectors.
3. Why did the U.S. Mint change the mint mark during 1981?
The change was made to improve the clarity and visual appeal of the mint mark, as the earlier Type 1 punch often appeared inconsistent and lacked precision.